工程项目管理的英文如何学习？资料如何搜集？

一、工程项目管理的英文如何学习？资料如何搜集？

今天是2022.4.9，是我项目管理专业英语学习的第4天，也是我做英语学习总结的第3天，今天把昨天自己翻译的情况和中文版翻译做了一次对比，找出差距，迭代自己的能力，另外还整理了敏捷回顾的步骤，分享给朋友们，欢迎点赞、关注。

1、敏捷回顾什么时候做？

Our main focus in this book is short retrospectives—retrospectives that occur after one week to one month of work. Whether you are using Agile methods or more traditional incremental or iterative development, your team has an opportunity to reflect at the end of every increment and identify changes and improvements that will increase the quality of the product and the work life of team members

我昨天的翻译为：敏捷回顾就是short retrospectives，当周期为1个月的工作中，一周过去后，你得在每个迭代结束时回顾并识别出变化和改进，这将改善产品质量和团队的工作氛围。

《敏捷回顾》中文版翻译为：本书重点介绍的是一种短周期的回顾检视会—-一周到一个月一次。不管你是采用敏捷开发方式还是传统的叠加或分阶段开发方式，在每次阶段开发结束时，你的团队都有机会将那些有利于提高产品质量和生活质量的变化和改善点总结出来。

对比结论：对长句子“Whether you are using Agile methods or more traditional incremental or iterative development, your team has an opportunity to reflect at the end of every increment and identify changes and improvements that will increase the quality of the product and the work life of team members”的翻译，难度确实比较大，涉及到转折关系的同义表达，我对这句话翻译和中文版相差还是比较不大，也没中文版译者翻译的流畅，因为我不是英语专业出身，翻译能力刚刚起步，我还有很大提升空间。

2、敏捷回顾是什么？

（1）Retrospectives are a natural fit in an Agile work environment—Scrum and Crystal explicitly include “inspect and adapt” cycles for the methods and teamwork along with mechanisms to examine and improve the product. While continuous builds, automated unit tests, and frequent demonstrations of working code are all ways to focus attention on the product and allow the team to make adjustments, retrospectives focus attention on how the team does their work and interacts.

（2）Retrospectives are also a natural fit in a team environment—where membership in the team is less than ten and the work is interdependent. Retrospectives help people improve practices, handle issues, and surface obstacles on a regular basis.

（3）Iteration retrospectives focus on real problem that affect teams. During retrospectives, teams discover real solutions that they can implement without waiting for management’s permission. Since experiments and changes are chosen, not imposed from above, people are more invested in their success.

这三句话，我昨天的翻译为：回顾检视适合敏捷的工作环境和10人以下的团队，聚集在影响团队的真实问题上。在回顾过程中，团队要找到那些他们能执行的方案，而不是等着管理的许可（这不就是自组织吗？）。因为这些试验和表格是团队自己选择的，而不是上面强加的，所以大家更愿意投入而（获得）成功。后面这句话“因为这些试验和表格是团队自己选择的，而不是上面强加的，所以大家更愿意投入而（获得）成功”我可能翻译得不对，也请朋友们斧正。

《敏捷回顾》中文版翻译为：

1） 回顾检视会与敏捷工作环境有着完美的结合——为了配合团队合作开发，Scrum和 Crystal在检验和改善产品机制中明确地包含了循环的检查和调试阶段。换句话说，持续的建模、自动的单元测试和频繁的产品代码演示，都是为了把重点放在产品本身上并允许团队随时做出调整。回顾检视会则是重点关注如何使团队更好地协调工作。

2）回顾检视会也与团队协作的工作方式有着完美的结合-少于10个人并需要大家协作开发的团队。回顾检视会能够帮助大家定期地改善操作、处理问题和发现障碍。

3）阶段性重复的回顾检视会主要解决那些影响团队的问题。在回顾检视会上，大家挖掘出切实可行的解决方案，并且马上可以实施而不需要等待领导的批准。但是实际情况各不相同，不要生搬硬套，我们应该更关注如何获得成功。

对比结论：对第三段的最后一句话，我的翻译和中文版翻译相差太大。“Since experiments and changes are chosen, not imposed from above, people are more invested in their success”翻译成“但是实际情况各不相同，不要生搬硬套，我们应该更关注如何获得成功。”从中文角度，看着还挺顺，但是和英文对比，我个人感觉有点不太理解，尤其是“people are more invested in their success”，我翻译为“大家更愿意投入而（获得）成功”，个人感觉更贴合场景。

3、敏捷回顾如何帮助团队做检视和调整？

结构化流程如下：

1）Set the stage预设会议基调

2）Gather data收集数据

3）Generate Insight激发灵感

4）Decide What to Do决定做什么

5）Close the Retrospective检视会总结结尾。

如果用图来表达是这样的，体现了不断迭代和持续循环改进的哲学思想。

以上就是我今天（2022.4.9）的项目管理英语学习的总结，分享给大家。

二、抚顺英文简介？

Fushun is located in shenyang, liaoning province east, 45 kilometers away, and jilin border in northern China, for an important industrial base.

抚顺位于辽宁省东部，距省会沈阳市45公里，与吉林接壤，为中国北方重要的工业基地。

希望能帮到你。

三、电影英文简介？

In an animated fairy tale world, a young girl meets and falls in love with the handsome prince of her dreams。 News of this romance upsets the prince's mother, the evil queen, who uses her black magic to send the girl hurtling out of the animated world into the one place in the universe where there is no true love: modern day Manhattan。

The now-real girl has to survive in New York City and find her way home again to her true love。

四、林肯英文简介？

1809.2.12, birthday1818 (9 years), the mother died. 1831 (22 years), a business failure.1832 (23 years old), his state parliament

seat.In

the same year (23 years old),

lost.To

attend law school, but not school qualifications.1833 (24 years), to borrow money for business

friends.In

the end (24 years), again went bankrupt. Next, he spent 16 years before the debt repaid. 1834 (25 years), again for the state, this won. 1835 (26 years), after the marriage betrothal, fiancee died. 1836 (27 years), the spirit of total collapse, confined for six months. 1838 (29 years), the state's bid to become the spokesman -- without success. 1840 (31 years old) and strive to be electors -- lost. 1843 (34 years), to participate in parliamentary elections -- also unsuccessful. 1846 (37 years), to participate in the Congress election again -- this time elected. Go to Washington, D.C., performance merits. 1848 (39 years), congressmen seek re-election, but failed. 1849 (40 years old), would like to state in their own land as the Secretary of the work was rejected. 1854 (45 years), running for U.S. Senator, was. 1856 (47 years), within the Republican nomination for Vice President -- less than 100 votes. 1860 (51 years old), was elected President of the United States. Become the greatest president in U.S. history one. Born on the Lincoln name, will their lives in the face of defeat. He had desperate things, but did not give up this life high jump competition.

五、牛顿英文简介？

British great physicist, mathematician, astronomer.The boon space Si say:"Newton established astronomy because of discovering gravitational theory, because of carry on light of resolve but established the optics of science, established mathematics of science because of establishing binomial equation axioms and infinite theories, established the mechanics of science because of knowing the man's natural character of the mechanics."Really, Newton made to lay foundation stone sexual contribution in the natural science realm and be rated as science huge Jiang.

Newton was born at a farmer family of Lincolnshire in British the north.In 1661 pass examination Cambridge university the inside Ni Di a school especially, graduate in 1665, at this time just in time plague, Newton goes home to avoid epidemic disease for two years, the period almost considered his whole life in each aspect study, especially he wins from cradle to the grave of a few major contributions:Gravitational theory, classic mechanics, calculus and optics.

Newton discovers gravitational theory, built up classic mechanics, he uses a formula the biggest ephemeris sport in the cosmos and minimum grain sport of the son unify.The cosmos becomes thus clear:All of whichever sports are to without cause take place, is all long long of a series of cause and effect chain be an appearance, a link within, is can accurate description.People break several thoughts that the wills of thousand in the last years absolute beings rule world, start believe there is no thing is can't be accurate by intelligence knowing of.Compare at his ories, Newton greater contribution makes people from now on start believe science.

Newton is 1 far far above the wise science giant of the in those days owner, his quest to the truth is a such Chi fan, with as for all of his ories results just reveal to the public under the urge sincerely of other people and say that the creation is the biggest fun to Newton.

英国伟大的物理学家、数学家、天文学家。恩格斯说：“牛顿由于发现了万有引力定律而创立了天文学，由于进行光的分解而创立了科学的光学，由于创立了二项式定理和无限理论而创立了科学的数学，由于认识了力学的本性而创立了科学的力学。”的确，牛顿在自然科学领域里作了奠基性的贡献，堪称科学巨匠。

牛顿出生于英国北部林肯郡的一个农民家庭。1661年考上剑桥大学特里尼蒂学校，1665年毕业，这时正赶上鼠疫，牛顿回家避疫两年，期间几乎考虑了他一生中所研究的各个方面，特别是他一生中的几个重要贡献：万有引力定律、经典力学、微积分和光学。

牛顿发现万有引力定律，建立了经典力学，他用一个公式将宇宙中最大天体的运动和最小粒子的运动统一起来。宇宙变得如此清晰：任何一个运动都不是无故发生，都是长长的一系列因果链条中的一个状态、一个环节，是可以精确描述的。人们打破几千年来神的意志统治世界的思想，开始相信没有任何东西是智慧所不能确切知道的。相比于他的理论，牛顿更伟大的贡献是使人们从此开始相信科学。

牛顿是一个远远超过那个时代所有人智慧的科学巨人，他对真理的探索是如此痴迷，以至于他的理论成果都是在别人的敦促下才公诸于世的，对牛顿来说创造本身就是最大的乐趣。

六、新西兰英文简介？

New Zealand is a country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two large islands (the North Island and the South Island) and numerous smaller islands, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands. In Māori, New Zealand has come to be known as Aotearoa, which is usually translated into English as The Land of the Long White Cloud. The Realm of New Zealand also includes the Cook Islands and Niue, which are self-governing, but in free association; Tokelau; and the Ross Dependency (New Zealand's territorial claim in Antarctica).

New Zealand is notable for its geographic isolation, being separated from Australia to the northwest by the Tasman Sea, approximately 2000 kilometres (1250 miles) across. Its closest neighbours to the north are New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga.

The population is mostly of European descent, with the indigenous Māori being the largest minority. Non-Māori Polynesian and Asian people are also significant minorities, especially in the cities. Elizabeth II, as the Queen of New Zealand, is the Head of State and is represented, in her absence, by a non-partisan Governor-General; the Queen 'reigns but does not rule', so she has no real political influence. Political power is held by the democratically-elected Parliament of New Zealand under the leadership of the Prime Minister who is the Head of Government.

七、自考工程项目管理？

自考工程管理的主要课程：房屋建筑学、工程力学、工程结构、工程估价、工程经济学、建筑施工技术与组织、工程项目管理、建设法规、房地产投资分析、工程造价管理等。 自考本科工程管理专业考生可报名参加周末面授班，利用周末时间参加课程学习。课程有效期为两年。 工程管理专业培养具备管理学、经济学和土木工程技术的基本知识，高级管理人才。学生在校学习期间，要接受工程师和经济师的基本素质训练，打好工程技术、管理、经济、法律、外语及计算机应用方面的坚实基础。

八、福娃的英文简介？

Beibei is an active fish. He comes from the river. He is good at swimming and other water sports. Jingjing is a lovely panda. 晶晶是熊猫 Huanhuan isn't an animal. I am the Olympic flame（奥运圣火）. I am warm（热情）and open（开朗）. 欢欢是奥运圣火，热情开朗。 Yingyingis a Tibetan antelope（藏羚羊）. 迎迎是藏羚羊 Ninicomes from the sky. I am a hardworking swallow（燕子）.妮妮来自天空， 是只燕子。

九、丘吉尔简介英文？

Winston Churchill (30 November 1874 –24 January 1965) was a British politician known chiefly for his leadership of the United Kingdom during World War II. He served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, historian, writer, and artist. He is the only British Prime Minister who has ever received the Nobel Prize for Literature.

十、hollywood的英文简介？

A district of Los Angeles, California. Consolidated with Los Angeles in 1910, it has long been a film and entertainment center. 好莱坞：美国加利福尼亚州洛杉矶的一个区，于1910年并入洛杉矶，长期以来是电影和娱乐中心 A city of southeast Florida on the Atlantic Ocean north of Miami Beach. It is a resort and retirement community with varied light industries. Population, 121,697. 好莱坞：美国佛罗里达州东南部一城市，临近大西洋，位于迈阿密海滩北部。

是旅游胜地和老年退休人员的社区，有各种轻工业。人口121,697